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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant role in maintaining tissue morphology and functions, and their precise regulatory effectiveness is closely related to expression patterns. However, the spatial expression patterns of lncRNAs in humans are poorly characterized. Here, we constructed five comprehensive transcriptomic atlases of human lncRNAs covering thousands of major tissue samples in normal and disease states. The lncRNA transcriptomes exhibited high consistency within the same tissues across resources, and even higher complexity in specialized tissues. Tissue-elevated (TE) lncRNAs were identified in each resource and robust TE lncRNAs were refined by integrative analysis. We detected 1 to 4684 robust TE lncRNAs across tissues; the highest number was in testis tissue, followed by brain tissue. Functional analyses of TE lncRNAs indicated important roles in corresponding tissue-related pathways. Moreover, we found that the expression features of robust TE lncRNAs made them be effective biomarkers to distinguish tissues; TE lncRNAs also tended to be associated with cancer, and exhibited differential expression or were correlated with patient survival. In summary, spatial classification of lncRNAs is the starting point for elucidating the function of lncRNAs in both maintenance of tissue morphology and progress of tissue-constricted diseases.
Subject(s)
Humans , Gene Expression Profiling , Neoplasms/genetics , Organ Specificity , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
Due to the rapid development of new medical devices and the national policy adjustment of medical device review and approval, the difficulty of clinical trial institution and ethics committee in the risk assessment of medical device clinical trials has greatly increased. By sorting out the legal norms, standards and safety evaluation materials of medical devices, this paper systematically summarized and suggested the existing risks in clinical trials of medical devices from seven aspects, including the collection and utilization of biological sample, site environment safety, information security, product production and inspection, use of device, clinical trial design, and technical capabilities, with a view to providing a reference basis for the sponsors, clinical trial institutions, and ethics committees to scientifically establish a risk assessment system for medical devices before clinical trials, thereby reducing potential risks of compliance and safety during the clinical trial process.
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Objective:To explore the current practice of head nurses′ human caring for patients at home and abroad, and integrate those effective measures and effect evaluation methods, so as to provide reference for nursing administrators.Methods:A framework was built on the scope review method proposed by Arksey and O′Malley, and such search terms as head nurse/nursing administrator, human caring/care/human-based, sick person/patient, nursing supervisory/charge nurse/head nurse/nurse administrator/nurse manager/nurse executive, empathy/care/compassion, patient/client were used. CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, Chinese Medical Association Journal Full-text Database, Medical Knowledge Network (PubMed, Elsevier, Springer, Wiley, OVID, EBSCO) and the Cochrane Library were searched from their initiation to November 29, 2022. Two researchers independently screened and extracted basic characteristics of the literature, as well as the measures used by the head nurses to implement human caring for patients and the effect evaluation tools.Results:A total of 57 articles were included. This paper reviewed the measures of human caring for patients at both levels of head nurses as direct caregivers and as organizers.The measures at the level of direct caregivers included implementing human caring in their ward rounds, creating a caring atmosphere, setting up a head nurse reception day, interviewing the care needs of patients and their families, innovating working methods based on the perspective of human caring, and caring communication with patients and their families; measures at the level of organizers included building a nursing human caring mode with specialist characteristics, building a human caring mode for different patient groups, strengthening the training of nurses′ human caring ability and literacy, building a caring environment and atmosphere, simplifying the nursing work process, and establishing a continuous and diversified nurse-patient communication mode, continuing human caring for discharged patients, organizing participation of nurses in social practices of human caring, setting up caring posts, and conducting care supervision and quality control. Patient satisfaction survey was used to evaluate the practical effects of human caring, but the evaluation objects were nurses or nursing services.Conclusions:Head nurses play an important role in the implementation of human caring, and a variety of measures can be taken to directly or indirectly implement human caring for patients. It is suggested to build more human caring modes to cover more specialties and patient groups, and improve the patient satisfaction evaluation tools with head nurses as the evaluation object.
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Objective:To survey the awareness status and its influencing factors among parents of preschool children.Methods:Data was collected from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for 0-18 Year Children in China. A total of 2 625 children aged 3-5 years and their parents living in northern and southern regions of China were randomly selected by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The physical measurements were performed for the children, including height and weight; and the body mass index (BMI) and age-for-BMI Z-score (BAZ) were calculated. The questionnaire survey was conducted for the parents, including the demographic characteristics of parents and their children, the perception of their child′s nutritional status (overweight/obesity, normal, wasting) etc. According to WHO standards, the nutritional status of the children was classified as wasting, normal and overweight/obesity. The awareness of parents on their children′s nutritional status was classified as underestimated, correct, overestimated and unclear. Parents′ inability to correctly judge children′s nutritional status was defined as cognitive bias, including underestimation bias and overestimation bias. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of parents′ underestimation or overestimation of children′s nutritional status.Results:Among 2 625 enrolled preschool children, there were 1 312 boys (50.0%) and 1 313 girls (50.0%); and 648 (24.7%), 944 (36.0%) and 1 033 (39.3%) children aged 3, 4 and 5 years, respectively. One parent (mother, farther or others) of each child was selected for survey, and most of them were mothers (1 998(76.1%)). The prevalence rate of overweight/obesity and wasting was 10.3% (270/2 625) and 1.4% (38/2 625), respectively; and 2 317 children (88.3%) were normal. Among all parents surveyed, 1 766 (67.3%) were correct about their children′s nutritional status (correct group), 612 (23.3%) underestimated their children′s nutritional status (underestimated group), 213 (8.1%) overestimated their children′s nutritional status (overestimated group) and 34 (1.3%) were not aware of their children′s nutritional status (unclear group). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that girls ( OR=0.817, 95% CI: 0.678-0.984), living in rural areas ( OR=0.801, 95% CI: 0.662-0.969), large birth weight of child ( OR=0.639, 95% CI: 0.420-0.970) were protective factors for parents underestimating children′s nutritional status. Living in the northern region ( OR=1.698, 95% CI: 1.260-2.290), large birth weight of children ( OR=1.826, 95% CI: 1.149-2.902), father with overweight/obesity ( OR=1.467, 95% CI: 1.089-1.977) and maternal overweight/obesity ( OR=1.778, 95% CI: 1.308-2.417) were the risk factors for parents to overestimate the nutritional status of children. Conclusions:The survey shows that parents of preschool children have a relatively high cognitive bias on the nutritional status of their children. Parents of girls, living in rural areas or having child with large birth weight are less likely to underestimate the nutritional status of children; parents living in northern regions, having a child with large birth weight, or with overweight/obese are likely to overestimate the nutritional status of children.
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Objective:To assess the relationship between appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and ankle brachial index (ABI) among patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, from July 2018 to March 2019, a total of 278 patients with type 2 diabetes treated in Zhongda Hospital were enrolled in this study, and there were 158 males and 120 females. General information and clinical biochemical parameters and ABI in the patients were collected. The appendicular muscle mass was quantitatively measured with body composition analyzer to achieve ASM. And the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body mass index (ASM/BMI) were calculated respectively. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analyses with different adjustment models were conducted to analyze the correlation between ABI and above-mentioned indexes.Results:The Pearson correlation analysis showed that ABI had significant positive correlation with ASM, ASMI and ASM/BMI ( r=0.14, 0.13, 0.13, all P<0.05), but a marginal relation with SMI ( r=0.116, P=0.053). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that ASMI ( β=0.053, 95% CI: 0.006-0.101, P=0.027) and AMI/ABI ( β=0.347, 95% CI: 0.040-0.654, P=0.027) were significantly related to ABI. Conclusion:ASM is positively associated with ABI in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Objective:To explore the effects of traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus on the level of frailty and self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, so as to provide new ideas for intervention of diabetic frailty and improvement of self-management.Methods:From January 2021 to June 2021, the 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the department of Endocrinology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine were treated with the traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus issued by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine using the quasi experimental research method. General information questionnaire, Tilburg Frailty Indicator(TFI), Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), Chinese-Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale(C-DMSES) and the effect evaluation scale of traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes mellitus) were investigated on 1 to 2 days after admission, at discharge, 3 months after discharge and were analyzed by t test, analysis of variance, SNK test. Results:The TFI scores of patients were (4.90 ± 2.44), (3.89 ± 1.99), (3.43 ± 2.22) points, the SDSCA scores were (41.31 ± 14.30), (57.90 ± 12.73), (52.33 ± 12.71) points, the C-DMSES scores were (128.99 ± 32.18), (154.69 ± 25.43), (141.27 ± 27.86) points, the effect scores of traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus were (13.40 ± 6.02), (6.98 ± 5.04), (5.01 ± 3.96) points at 1-2 days after admission, discharge, and 3 months after discharge, there were statistically significant differences among different time periods ( F values were 11.14-72.50, all P<0.05). The fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose of patients were (9.28 ± 3.51), (7.16 ± 1.66), (7.24 ± 1.76) mmol/L and (14.93 ± 4.22), (10.28 ± 4.83), (10.30 ± 2.25) mmol/L at 1-2 days after admission, discharge and 3 months after discharge, and the differences were statistically significant ( F = 21.02, 37.55, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of traditional Chinese medicine nursing protocols for type 2 diabetes mellitus can delay the degree of frailty of type 2 diabetes mellitus, improve the level of self-management of patients, help patients control blood glucose, with good traditional Chinese medicine nursing effect, worthy of clinical application.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with intense pulsed light on the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction and the change of meibomian glands.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 141 patients(282 eyes)who were diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction from January 2021 to May 2022 in our hospital were selected and they were randomly divided into the control group(73 cases, 146 eyes)and the observation group(68 cases, 136 eyes)according to random number table. The control group was given 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with intense pulsed light, and the observation group was treated with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with intense pulsed light. The subjective symptom score, physical sign score, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland density before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups at 2wk after the end of treatment.RESULTS: There were no differences in the subjective symptom score, physical sign score, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland density between the two groups of patients before treatment(P>0.05). After 2wk of treatment, the symptom scores and physical sign scores of patients in the two groups continued to decrease, non-invasive tear break-up time and lipid layer thickness continued to increase, and the meibomian gland density also increased. The tear meniscus height in the observation group increased, while the control group showed no significant changes. The observation group had better clinical indicators than the control group(P<0.05). No obvious complications were observed in all patients.CONCLUSION: The combination of diquafosol sodium eye drops and intense pulsed light is synergistic in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, with significant therapeutic effects and improvement of meibomian gland repair, which is significantly superior to simple intense pulsed light therapy.
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Cancer is one of the major fatal diseases that seriously threaten human health， and its burden needs to be solved urgently. Health technology assessment （HTA） can provide scientific evidence-based basis for cancer diagnosis， treatment， prevention and related policy formulation. Cost-utility analysis is the gold standard for economic evaluation in HTA， and the accurate measurement of its health utility is one of the key elements to determine the accuracy of its results. This article focuses on systematic introduction of direct measures， multi-attribute health utility scales， and mapping methods in the field of cancer measurement and reviews their applications in cancer patients. Among them， direct measures are complex， costly， and require a high level of subject knowledge； multi-attribute health utility measures are currently the preferred method for measuring health utility in cancer patients； with the continuous development and refinement of disease-specific utility measures in multi-attribute health utility instruments， the mapping method may gradually decrease in future applications. This paper can provide a reference for the selection of health utility measurement tools for HTA in the field of cancer， and provide evidence-based basis for optimizing resource allocation and policy formulation in the field of cancer.
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Moderate and deep sedation can effectively relieve or eliminate the pain and body discomfort during wound dressing change in pediatric burn patients, relieve anxiety, agitation, and even delirium of the children, reduce the metabolic rate of the children, make them in a quiet, comfortable, and cooperative state, which is conducive to the smooth completion of dressing change. This paper summarized the three aspects of moderate and deep sedation in pediatric burn patients, including the overview, main points of implementation, and effects, and further introduced the moderate and deep sedation medication regimens for different routes of administration, as well as the content of evaluation and monitoring. Suggestions on the prevention and management of related complications and the management of moderate and deep sedation implementation procedures were put forward, in order to provide references for the development of moderate and deep sedation for wound dressing change in pediatric burn patients in China.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bandages/adverse effects , Burns/therapy , Deep Sedation , Pain/complications , Pain Management/methodsABSTRACT
This study aims to explore the anti-depression mechanism of Zuojin Pills based on the plasma constituents, network pharmacology, and experimental verification. UHPLC-TOF-MS was used for qualitative analysis of Zuojin Pills-containing serum. Targets of the plasma constituents and the disease were retrieved from PharmMapper and GeneCards. Then the protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was constructed and core targets were screened for GO term enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was employed construct the "compound-target-pathway" network and the targets and signaling pathways of Zuojin Pills against depression were predicted. CUMS-induced depression mouse model was established to verify the key targets. The results showed that a total of 21 constituents migrating to blood of Zuojin Pills were identified, which were mainly alkaloids. A total of 155 common targets of the constituents and the disease and 67 core targets were screened out. KEGG enrichment and PPI network analysis showed that Zuojin Pills may play a role in the treatment of depression through AMPK/SIRT1, NLRP3, insulin and other targets and pathways. Furthermore, the results of animal experiments showed that Zuojin Pills could significantly improve the depression behaviors of depression, reduce the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in hippocampus and serum, activate AMPK/SIRT1 signaling, and reduce the protein expression of NLRP3. In conclusion, Zuojin Pills may play a role in the treatment of depression by activating AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, and inhibiting NLRP3 activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Network Pharmacology , AMP-Activated Protein Kinases , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Sirtuin 1 , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology , Molecular Docking SimulationABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#China bears the biggest atrial fibrillation (AF) burden in the world. However, little is known about the incidence and predictors of AF. This study aimed to investigate the current incidence of AF and its electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors in general community individuals aged over 60 years in China.@*METHODS@#This was a prospective cohort study, recruiting subjects who were aged over 60 years and underwent annual health checkups from April to July 2015 in four community health centers in Songjiang District, Shanghai, China. The subjects were then followed up from 2015 to 2019 annually. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, medical history, and the resting 12-lead ECG were collected. Kaplan-Meier curve was used for showing the trends in AF incidence and calculating the predictors of AF. Associations of ECG abnormalities and AF incidence were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.@*RESULTS@#This study recruited 18,738 subjects, and 351 (1.87%) developed AF. The overall incidence rate of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years during an observation period of 67,704 person-years. Multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated age (hazard ratio [HR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.09; P < 0.001), male (HR, 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05-1.62; P = 0.018), a history of hypertension (HR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.23-1.95; P < 0.001), a history of cardiac diseases (HR, 3.23; 95% CI: 2.34-4.45; P < 0.001), atrial premature complex (APC) (HR, 2.82; 95% CI: 2.17-3.68; P < 0.001), atrial flutter (HR, 18.68; 95% CI: 7.37-47.31; P < 0.001), junctional premature complex (JPC) (HR, 3.57; 95% CI: 1.59-8.02; P = 0.002), junctional rhythm (HR, 18.24; 95% CI: 5.83-57.07; P < 0.001), ventricular premature complex (VPC) (HR, 1.76; 95% CI: 1.13-2.75, P = 0.012), short PR interval (HR, 5.49; 95% CI: 1.36-22.19; P = 0.017), right atrial enlargement (HR, 6.22; 95% CI: 1.54-25.14; P = 0.010), and pacing rhythm (HR, 3.99; 95% CI: 1.57-10.14; P = 0.004) were independently associated with the incidence of AF.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The present incidence of AF was 5.2/1000 person-years in the studied population aged over 60 years in China. Among various ECG abnormalities, only APC, atrial flutter, JPC, junctional rhythm, short PR interval, VPC, right atrial enlargement, and pacing rhythm were independently associated with AF incidence.
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Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Prospective Studies , Incidence , Atrial Flutter/complications , Risk Factors , China/epidemiology , ElectrocardiographyABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the detection and diagnostic efficacy of chest radiographs for ≤30 mm pulmonary nodules and the factors affecting them, and to compare the level of consistency among readers. Methods: A total of 43 patients with asymptomatic pulmonary nodules who consulted in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from 2012 to 2014 and had chest CT and X-ray chest radiographs during the same period were retrospectively selected, and one nodule ≤30 mm was visible on chest CT images in the whole group (total 43 nodules in the whole group). One senior radiologist with more than 20 years of experience in imaging diagnosis reviewed CT images and recording the size, morphology, location, and density of nodules was selected retrospectively. Six radiologists with different levels of experience (2 residents, 2 attending physicians and 2 associate chief physicians independently reviewed the chest images and recorded the time of review, nodule detection, and diagnostic opinion. The CT imaging characteristics of detected and undetected nodules on X images were compared, and the factors affecting the detection of nodules on X-ray images were analyzed. Detection sensitivity and diagnosis accuracy rate of 6 radiologists were calculated, and the level of consistency among them was compared to analyze the influence of radiologists' seniority and reading time on the diagnosis results. Results: The number of nodules detected by all 6 radiologists was 17, with a sensitivity of detection of 39.5%(17/43). The number of nodules detected by ≥5, ≥4, ≥3, ≥2, and ≥1 physicians was 20, 21, 23, 25, and 28 nodules, respectively, with detection sensitivities of 46.5%, 48.8%, 53.5%, 58.1%, and 65.1%, respectively. Reasons for false-negative result of detection on X-ray images included the size, location, density, and morphology of the nodule. The sensitivity of detecting ≤30 mm, ≤20 mm, ≤15 mm, and ≤10 mm nodules was 46.5%-58.1%, 45.9%-54.1%, 36.0%-44.0%, and 36.4% for the 6 radiologists, respectively; the diagnosis accuracy rate was 19.0%-85.0%, 16.7%-6.5%, 18.2%-80.0%, and 0%-75.0%, respectively. The consistency of nodule detection among 6 doctors was good (Kappa value: 0.629-0.907) and the consistency of diagnostic results among them was moderate or poor (Kappa value: 0.350-0.653). The higher the radiologist's seniority, the shorter the time required to read the images. The reading time and the seniority of the radiologists had no significant influence on the detection and diagnosis results (P>0.05). Conclusions: The ability of radiographs to detect lung nodules ≤30 mm is limited, and the ability to determine the nature of the nodules is not sufficient, and the increase in reading time and seniority of the radiologists will not improve the diagnostic accuracy. X-ray film exam alone is not suitable for lung cancer diagnosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Retrospective Studies , Solitary Pulmonary Nodule/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods , Lung Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Sensitivity and Specificity , Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methodsABSTRACT
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone nuclear protein in most eukaryocytes. Inside the nucleus, HMGB1 plays an important role in several DNA events such as DNA repair, transcription, telomere maintenance, and genome stability. While outside the nucleus, it fulfils more complicated functions, including promoting cell proliferation, inflammation, angiogenesis, immune tolerance and immune escape, which may play a pro-tumoral role.Meanwhile, HMGB1 acts as an anti-tumoral protein by regulating immune cell recruitment and inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) during the carcinogenesis process. Therefore, abnormal expression of HMGB1 is associated with oncogenesis, development, and metastasis of cancer, which may play a dual role of pro-tumor and anti-tumor.
Subject(s)
Humans , Carcinogenesis , Cell Proliferation , HMGB1 Protein/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , Neovascularization, PathologicABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the application effects of feedforward control theory in the rollover bed treatment of mass patients with burn-explosion combined injury. Methods: A retrospective observational research was conducted. From June 13 to 14, 2020, 15 patients with severe burn-explosion combined injury caused by liquefied natural gas tank car explosion and conforming to the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. There were 13 males and 2 females, aged 33-92 (66±17) years. All the patients were treated with rollover bed from 48 h post admission, and the feedforward control theory was introduced, including establishing a special feedforward control management team for rollover bed, clarifying the duties of the medical staff in the rollover bed treatment of patients, implementing the cooperation strategy of multidisciplinary physician, training and examining for 80 nurses in the temporarily organized nurse team in the form of "rollover bed workshop", and formulating the checklist and valuation list of rollover bed treatment for continuous quality control. The frequency and the total number of turning over, and successful rate of one-time posture change with the rollover bed of patients within 30 days of admission were recorded, the occurrences of adverse events caused by improper operation for the rollover bed during the treatment were observed, including respiratory and cardiac arrests, treatment interruption, unplanned extubation, bed falling, and skin graft displacement. The lowest levels of arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2), the number of patients with oxygenation index>300 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) of patients within 2 days of admission and on the 30th day of admission were recorded. Results: Within 30 days of admission, the patients were turned over with the rollover bed for 2 to 6 times each day, with a total of 1 320 turning over operations, the successful rate of one-time posture change reached 99.9% (1 319/1 320), and no adverse event occurred. Within 2 days of admission, the lowest levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 of the patients were (100±19) and (42±4) mmHg, respectively, and the number of patients with mild, moderate, and severe ARDS were 10, 2, and 3, respectively, and none of the patients had oxygenation index>300 mmHg. On the 30th day of admission, the lowest levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 of the patients were (135±28) and (37±8) mmHg, respectively, 3 patients developed moderate ARDS, 1 patient developed severe ARDS, and 11 patients had oxygenation index>300 mmHg. Conclusions: The introduction of feedforward control theory in the treatment of rollover bed of mass patients with burn-explosion combined injury can ensure safe and successful completion of turning over with the rollover bed, promote the repair of burn wound, and improve respiratory function, and therefore improve the treatment quality of patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Blood Gas Analysis , Burns/therapy , Explosions , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study established a mouse model of ulcerative colitis and explored the serum transitional components of Gegen Qinlian Decoction by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. Based on the exact relative molecular weight and MS/MS spectrum, 55 prototype components and 59 metabolites were identified from the model group, while 18 prototype components and 35 metabolites from the control group. The prototype components in serum were mainly flavonoids and the characteristic components of the model group were alkaloids. Glucuronidation, sulfonation, and glycosylation have been confirmed to be the main metabolic types in vivo. The results of comparative analysis of differences indicated that puerarin, baicalin, wogonoside, wogonin, chrysin, oroxylin A, berberine, berberrubine, and palmatine were the characteristic components in model state, which at the same time, were confirmed by pharmacological studies to be the serum pharmacodynamic material basis of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. This study has provided reference for explaining the metabolic transformation pattern and mechanism of action of Gegen Qinlian Decoction in vivo.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Alkaloids , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methodsABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the situation and influencing factors of school meals leftover among primary and secondary school students in the area of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, improve the quality of school meals, develop healthy dietary behavior, and reduce food waste. Methods: In 2019, among the 50 monitoring counties that implemented the Compulsory Education Student Nutrition Improvement Program, two primary schools and two junior schools were randomly selected according to different food supply patterns.This study randomly selected one or two classes from grade 3 to grade 9. Basic information and school meals of 26 778 students were collected by using a student questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of leftovers rate. Results: 54.93% (14 709) of students wasted school meals, in which the highest rate was the staple food, with the main reason as "not in favor". 11.87% (1 743) of the students wasted school meals 6-7 days a week, with 54.20% (7 957) of students wasted but in less amount. The leftover rate of staple food was the highest (29.78%), followed by vegetables and meat. The main reason of leftovers was that they didn't like this kind of food (33.52%). The rate of school meal waste was higher for girls (OR=1.19,95%CI:1.13-1.25), junior high school students (OR=1.17, 95%CI: 1.11-1.25), resident students (OR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.00-1.12), lower economic level (OR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.00-1.12), parents working outside their houses (OR=1.22, 95%CI: 1.13-1.30), health education classes (OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.40-2.06), company-based meals (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.71-2.07) and school meals were not as good as home food(OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.78-2.00)(P<0.05). Conclusions: It is common for poor rural primary and middle school students in central and western China to waste school meals, and the reasons were affected by many factors. Reducing food waste requires the joint efforts of individuals, families, schools and society.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Food Services , Meals , Refuse Disposal , Schools , StudentsABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze anemia prevalence and its influencing factors of students involved in the Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2019. Methods: From the 2019 surveillance system of the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students, 47 297 primary and middle school students aged 6-17 were included in the study. Hemoglobin level was tested according to the criteria of WHO 2011. Anemia prevalence of different genders, ages, and regions was analyzed. Results: The average hemoglobin level was 135.19 g/L, with the prevalence of anemia as 8.7% in the children aged 6-17. The prevalence of anemia was 10.0% in girls, higher than that in boys (7.4%). The prevalence rates in western and central areas were 9.8% and 7.1%, respectively. From northwest, southwest, central and south, east, north to northeast areas of China, the anemia rate appeared gradually decreasing (10.2%, 9.7%, 8.3%, 7.5%, 5.7% and 3.5%). The anemia prevalence rates were 8.0%, 8.3%, and 10.9% in children from the 6-, 11-, and 14-17 years age groups, respectively. Logistic regression models revealed that students from schools not using catering software (OR=1.482, 95%CI:1.296-1.694,P<0.001), schools not serving lunch (OR=1.241, 95%CI:1.103-1.395,P<0.001), and from relatively low-income families (OR=1.297, 95%CI:1.211-1.389, P<0.001) showed as risk factors for anemia. After supplementing students' dietary factors, the results showed that students who ate meat three or more times a week had a lower risk of anemia (OR=0.907, 95%CI:0.832-0.989, P=0.026). Conclusions: The Nutritional Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students had an essential impact on improving the anemia prevalence of primary and middle school students. Family income, school location, economic factors, school feeding, and students' diet programs all impacted the prevalence of anemia.
Subject(s)
Child , Female , Humans , Male , Anemia/epidemiology , China/epidemiology , Hemoglobins , Prevalence , Rural Population , StudentsABSTRACT
Objective: To understand the growth retardation among primary and secondary school students in areas covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students and its influencing factors to provide evidence for improving the nutrition status of rural students in China. Methods: The multi-stage cluster random sampling method selected 1 550 969 primary and secondary school students aged 6-15 years from China's central and western regions. The ratio of male and female students was balanced. The height was measured, and the growth retardation of students was determined according to the Screening Criteria for School-age Children and Adolescents malnutrition (WS/T 456-2014), from the school and county questionnaire survey related factors. The number of cases and percentages described the growth retardation of students, and the χ2 test was used for comparison between groups. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze students' growth retardation factors. Results: In 2019, the growth retardation rate of primary and secondary school students in areas covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students was 5.7% (88 631/1 550 969), the growth retardation rate in the western part (7.1%, 66 167/927 954) was higher than that in the central part (3.7%,19 511/533 973) with difference statistically significant (P<0.001). The growth retardation rate of the boys (6.3%,50 665/803 851) were higher than that of girls (5.1%, 37 966/747 118), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The growth retardation rate of primary school students in central China was 3.9%(14 914/380 598), higher than that of junior middle school students (3.0%,4 597/153 375, P<0.001). In contrast, the growth retardation rate of the western junior high school students (7.2%, 21 494/297 217) were higher than that of elementary school students (7.1%, 44 673/630 737), with a difference statistically significant (all P=0.009). Multi-factor logistic regression results showed that, in high income area (OR=0.829, 95%CI: 0.816-0.842, P<0.001), parents providing part of the meal cost (OR=0.948, 95%CI: 0.931-0.965, P<0.001), enterprises providing meals (OR=0.845, 95%CI: 0.805-0.887, P<0.001), schools providing milk (OR=0.780, 95%CI: 0.767-0.793, P<0.001), health education courses (OR=0.702, 95%CI: 0.682-0.723, P<0.001) and other local nutrition improvement efforts (OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.720-0.758, P<0.001) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of growth retardation, The growth retardation rate of the students was lower. Conclusions: There appeared significant regional, gender, and age differences in the growth retardation rate of primary and middle school students in areas covered by the Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students. Appropriate food supply in schools, health education courses, and parental participation in nutritional improvement was related to children's lower growth retardation rate.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Growth Disorders , Nutritional Status , Rural Population , Schools , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis (meningococcal meningitis) is an acute respiratory infectious disease with high mortality and serious sequelae. Meningococcal vaccine is an effective measure to prevent and control meningococcal meningitis. At present, group B meningococcal meningitis has become the main prevalent serum group in the world, including China. Meningococcal ACYW and other vaccines are mainly composed of capsular polysaccharides, while the main component of group B meningococcal vaccine is protein, including outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and recombinant protein vaccine. The methods for evaluating the immunogenicity of group B meningococcal vaccine include hSBA and alternative methods such as meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS), flow cytometric meningococcal antigen surface expression assay (MEASURE), genetic meningococcal antigen typing system (gMATS) and bexsero antigen sequence type (BAST). The evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity is the basis of vaccine development and clinical trial research, However, at present, there is no group B meningococcal vaccine in China. Therefore, in this paper, the research progress of immunogenicity evaluation of group B meningococcal vaccine has been reviewed, in order to provide technical guidance for the research and development of group B meningococcal vaccine, immunogenicity evaluation and clinical trial research in China.
Subject(s)
Humans , Meningitis, Meningococcal/prevention & control , Meningococcal Vaccines , Neisseria meningitidis , Serogroup , Vaccines, CombinedABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the association between levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) on admission and prognosis of patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU).Methods:The data were collected from patients who were admitted to the ICU of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in the United States from 2001 to 2012 with available TSH test records within 24 hours after the ICU admission via the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-Ⅲv1.4 (MIMIC-Ⅲv1.4). Information including gender, age, ethnicity, type of admission, mechanical ventilation (MV) or renal replacement therapy (RRT) received on admission, comorbidities, and TSH test records within 24 hours after the ICU admission were collected. The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, simplified acute physiology score Ⅱ (SAPS Ⅱ) and the comorbidities index Elixhauser (SID30) score were calculated according to the parameters. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. Differences in baseline characteristics and prognosis were examined between patients with normal TSH levels and abnormal TSH levels which was determined according to a dichotomous variable provided by the data. Multivariable Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between TSH levels and prognosis after adjusting for confounding factors. A sensitivity analysis was conducted which categorized the study population as three groups (i.e., decreased, normal, and elevated TSH levels) using the range of 0.30-3.00 mU/L as the normal range of TSH.Results:A total of 3 425 ICU patients were enrolled in the study, of which 2 692 (78.60%) were with normal TSH and 733 (21.40%) were with abnormal TSH. There was no statistically significant difference in gender, age, ethnicity, type of admission and the ratio of MV between the normal TSH and abnormal TSH groups. Compared with normal TSH group, the patients in abnormal TSH had a higher SOFA, SAPS Ⅱ and SID30 scores as well as the ratio of RRT [SOFA score: 4 (2, 7) vs. 4 (2, 6), SAPS Ⅱ score: 38.02±13.76 vs. 36.53±13.75, SID30 score: 11 (4, 22) vs. 11 (0, 20), RRT ratio: 5.32% (39/733) vs. 3.49% (94/2 692), all P < 0.05]. The hospital mortality of patients in normal TSH was significantly higher than that of those in abnormal TSH [9.82% (72/733) vs. 5.94% (160/2 692), P < 0.01]. After adjusting for confounding factors, abnormal TSH was significantly associated with hospital mortality [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.71, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.24-2.35, P = 0.001]. In the sensitivity analysis in which the range of 0.30-3.00 mU/L was used as the normal range of TSH, compared with normal TSH, decreased TSH ( OR = 2.36, 95% CI was 1.40-3.97, P = 0.001) and elevated TSH ( OR = 1.44, 95% CI was 1.05-1.98, P = 0.023) were both significantly associated with increased hospital mortality. Conclusion:An abnormal level of TSH within 24 hours after admitted to ICU is an independent risk factor for hospital mortality among ICU patients.